Hemoglobinometer.



No. 703,3l9. Patented June 24, I902 T. W. TALLQVIST.

HEMOGLOBINOMETER.

(Application filed Jan. 16I 1902.) (No Model.)

'measuring of' the quantity of hemoglobin THEODOR WALDEMAR TALL PATENT OFFICE.

QVIST, OF BORGK, RUSSIA.

HEMOGLOBINOMETER.

srEcIFIoATIoNrmmin part of Letters Patent No. 703,319, dated June 24, 1902.

Application filed January 16, i902 To all whomr it mety concern:

Be it known that I, THEoDoR WALDEMAR TALLQVIST, a subject of the- Grand Duke of Finland, Emperor of Russia; residing atNo. 1 Parkgatan, in the town of Borgafln the Grand Duchy of'Finland', Russia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in I-Iemoglobinom'eters; and I. do hereby declare the following'to be a full, clear, and exact description of'the'invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make andlusethe same.

It is well known that the asc'eiitaining or contained in the blood forms an important means for judging the stateflof disease in anemic patientsf There are for this purpose already in existence various kinds ofapparatus, most of which are based upon the same principle as my. said? invention namely, on the colorimetric measurement of the' quantity of hemoglobin; All these give morepr less exact and reliable'resultsg but they all have one disadvantage-in common-namely, that an examination of the blood withthei'rassistance can be done only under certainconditions and that such an examination requires timefand is inconvenient. Itmusttherefore prove a considerablerboon a the medical practitioner ifhthe cumbersome work with suchQan hemometer could be substituted by one single and easysobservation, which can be made immediately, when-the patient is being examined and independently of'adark room, a special source of light, or other special circumstances. My investigations in this direction werepre'oeded by somewhat extensive examinationsfof the 'natural color of the human blood atvarious'degrees of diseased changesin thesameI tain uniform results in judging the color of the blood, I used white filtering-paper, which was neared to the drop of blood in such a manner as to make it suck the blood slowly till the paper was thoroughly drenched by it.v The 'color was then observed as soon as the blood-stain'liad lost its humidglos's,;the stain being pressed against'a padof the same filtering-paper and the observation always being done by direct light. The" blood, however, changes in color very quickly, owing to the Inorder to ob;

. SerialNo.90,074. (No model.) 7

action of the air, and it therefore became necessary to make artificial copies of the'bloodstains before the change in color hadbegun.

By making complete series of observations and artificial copies of the respective colors and by checking these through repeated observations I have determined that the-color of the blood-stain on the filtering-paper from different patients and with difierent kinds of blood diseases is always the same at the same percentage of hemoglobin in the blood.

My invention relates to a scale of colors tvhich I have composed on the basis-of the researches described heretofore in such a manner that each shade of color in this scale corresponds to a certain stated quantity of hemoglobin contained in the blood.

The ascertaining of the quantity of hemoglobin by the aid of my scale is performed in the following manner: A sample of the blood under examination is taken on white filtering-paper of suitable quality in the manner described above, and this sample is compared The figure standing opposite that shade of color which is the nearest :to correspond with the color of the said sample gives the percentage of hemoglobinin the blood under examination;

It is evident that an examination of the quantity of hemoglobin by the aidgof my scale of colors will not give quite as exact results as when a proper hemometer is used for the purpose; but extensive comparative researches performed by myself aswell as by other medical men have proved that the exactness only slightly deviates from the results obtained by the use of, for instance, the apparatus designed by Fleischl or the one by we r In the accompanying drawing I have illustrated the preferred and very convenient mode of using my improved scale by a plan view.

In practice I prefer to bind the scale S either at the beginning or end of a book B of a size to be conveniently carried in the pocket,

the leaves Z of the book being made of white filtering-paper, and for convenience ofI use the leaves are divided into three sections by lines of transverse perforations. p and each leaf perforated longitudinally along the back of the book, as shown at 19, so that the sections of the leaves can be readily removed for use. The colorimetric scale S consists of ten elements 6 of different shades of the color of blood and indicating by the depth of color the percentage of hemoglobin in blood, from one hundred per cent. to ten per cent., which I deem amply sufficient for the purposes of the physician, the percentage being numerically indicated.

I declare that what I claim is 1. Means for determining the percentage of hemoglobin in blood by comparison, comprising a scale of colors varying in depth of color to indicate variations in the percentage of hemoglobin in blood, and a receiver for the blood to be compared, said receiver of a contrasting color and capable of absorbing the blood and leave a mat surface.

2. Means for determining the percentage of hemoglobin in blood by comparison, comprising a scale of colors varying in depth of color to indicate variations in the percentage of hemoglobin in blood, and a receiver for the blood to be compared, said receiver of a contrasting color and of an indiiferent material, and capable of absorbing the blood and leave a mat surface.

3. Means for determining the percentage of hemoglobin in blood by comparison, comprising a scale of colors varying in depth of color to indicate variations in the percentage ofhemoglobin in blood, and a receiver of white filter-paper for the blood to be compared.

4. Means for determining the percentage of hemoglobin in blood by comparison, consisting of a colorimetricscale composed of separate elements diifering in depth of color in accordance with percentages of hemoglobin, and sheets of white filter-paper divided transversely into sections by lines or perforations and having a line-of perforations along one edge, the Whole bound in book form, for the purpose set forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I have signed my name in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

THEODOR WALDEMAR TALLQVIST.

Witnesses:

K. SITTMrroM, O. LAURIN. 

